Samsung MYSONO U6 Manuel d'utilisateur Page 40
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1-22
Operation Manual
Mechanical Index (MI) Display
Mechanical bioeects are threshold phenomena that occur when a certain level of output is
exceeded. The threshold level varies, however, with the type of tissue. The potential for mechanical
bioeects varies with peak pressure and ultrasound frequency. The MI accounts for these two
factors. The higher the MI value, the greater the likelihood of mechanical bioeects occurring.
However, there is no specic MI value that means that a mechanical eect will actually occur. The
MI should be used as a guide for implementing the ALARA principle.
Thermal Index (TI) Display
The TI informs the user about the potential for temperature increase occuring at the body surface,
within body tissue, or at the point of focus of the ultrasound beam on bone. The TI is an estimate
of the temperature increase in specic body tissues. The actual amount of any temperature rise is
inuenced by factors such as tissue type, vascularity, and mode of operation. The TI should be used
as a guide for implementing the ALARA principle.
The bone thermal index (TIb) informs the user about potential heating at or near the focus after
the ultrasound beam has passed through soft tissue or uid, for example, at or near second or
third trimester fetal bone. The cranial bone thermal index (TIc) informs the user about the potential
heating of bone at or near the surface, for example, cranial bone. The soft tissue thermal index (TIs)
informs the user about the potential for heating within soft homogeneous tissue. Tic is displayed
when you select a trans-cranial application.
Mechanical and Thermal Indices Display Precision and Accuracy
The Mechanical and Thermal Indices on the system are precise to 0.1 units.
The MI and TI display accuracy estimates for the system are given in the Acoustic Output Tables
manual. These accuracy estimates are based on the variability range of probes and systems, inherent
acoustic output modeling errors and measurement variability, as described below.
The displayed values should be interpreted as relative information to help the system operator
achieve the ALARA principle through prudent use of the system. The values should not be
interpreted as actual physical values investigated tissue or organs. The initial data that is used
to support the output display is derived from laboratory measurements based on the AIUM
measurement standard. The measurements are then put into algorithms to calculate the displayed
output values.
Many of the assumptions used in the process of measurement and calculation are conservative in
nature. Over-estimation of actual in situ exposure, for the vast majority of tissue paths, is built into
the measurement and calculation process. For example, the measured water tank values are de-
rated using a conservative, industry standard, attenuation coecient of 0.3dB/cm-MHz.
Conservative values for tissue characteristics were selected for use in the TI models. Conservative
- Volume 1 1
- Safety Requirements 9
- Declarations 10
- Before Using This Product 11
- If You Need Assistance 12
- Revision History 13
- Table of Contents – Volume 1 15
- Chapter 3 Starting Diagnosis 16
- Chapter 1 19
- Indication for Use 21
- Safety Information 22
- Chapter 1 Safety 23
- Electrical Safety 25
- ECG-Related Information 26
- Mechanical Safety 34
- Moving the Equipment 35
- Biological Safety 36
- Applying ALARA 37
- Direct Controls 37
- Indirect Controls 38
- Receiver Controls 38
- Additional Considerations 39
- Output Display Features 39
- Mechanical Index (MI) Display 40
- Thermal Index (TI) Display 40
- 2D-mode Controls 42
- Color and Power Controls 42
- M-mode and Doppler Controls 43
- Related Guidance Documents 44
- - (0,23 alf) 45
- -(0,069 lf) 45
- Systematic Uncertainties 48
- Training 49
- Environmental Protection 50
- Battery Pack 51
- Introduction 53
- Specication 55
- Chapter 2 Introduction 57
- Product Conguration 58
- Screen Layout 59
- Screen Brightness Adjustment 60
- Control Panel 61
- Keyboard 64
- Console 66
- Peripheral Devices 68
- DVD-Multi 69
- USB Video Printer 69
- Foot Switch 69
- Battery Pack 70
- Battery Icons 71
- Accessories 74
- Optional Functions 74
- Starting Diagnosis 75
- Power Supply 77
- Powering On 78
- Powering O 78
- Monitor and Audio 79
- Probes & Applications 80
- Probe Connection 81
- Application Selection 82
- Changing Probe Preset 82
- Patient Information 83
- Accession 84
- Diag. Physician 86
- Ref. Physician 86
- Sonographer 86
- Description 86
- GA (LMP) 87
- EDD (LMP) 87
- Estab. Due Date 87
- Ovul. Date 87
- Gynecology 89
- Adult Echo 89
- Ped. Echo 90
- Fetal Heart 91
- Vascular 91
- Additional Information 92
- Urology 93
- Local Search 94
- Worklist Search 95
- Managing Patient Exams 97
- Executing Exam 98
- Viewing Exam 99
- Deleting Exam 99
- Sending Exams via DICOM 100
- Printing Exams via DICOM 101
- Exporting the Exam 101
- Operation Manual 102
- Backing up the Exam 103
- Changing Measurements 104
- View Screen 105
- Power Saving Mode 107
- Diagnosis Modes 109
- Information 111
- Basic Operating Instructions 112
- Soft Menu Use 113
- Basic Mode 114
- 2D Mode Soft Menu 115
- Harmonic 116
- Reject Level 116
- Edge Enhance 116
- Write Zoom 116
- Chapter 4 Diagnosis Modes 117
- Post Curve 120
- Spatial Compound 120
- Needle Mate 120
- Display Format 122
- Negative 123
- Loop Size 123
- Chroma Map 123
- M Edge Enhance 123
- Anatomical M 123
- Color Doppler Mode 124
- C Mode Screen 125
- C Mode Soft Menu 125
- BaseLine 127
- Power Doppler Mode 128
- Color Bar 129
- ROI Box 129
- PW Spectral Doppler Mode 131
- Sample Volume 132
- Doppler Invert 134
- Simultaneous 134
- SV Size 134
- AutoCalc 134
- Baseline 135
- Mean Trace 135
- Doppler Average 135
- Spectrum Ehn 135
- AutoCalc Direction 136
- Spectrum Type 136
- CW Spectral Doppler Mode 137
- TDI Mode 139
- TDI Mode Soft Menu 140
- TDW Mode 141
- TDW Mode Soft Menu 142
- Combined Mode 143
- 2D/C/M Mode 144
- 2D/C Live Mode 144
- Dual Mode 145
- 3D/4D Mode 146
- 3D Stand by 147
- Load Preset 148
- Scan Quality 148
- Auto ROI 148
- Scan Angle 148
- Acquiring 3D/4D Images 149
- 3D View-MPR 150
- Zooming In/Out Image 151
- Resizing ROI 151
- Moving an Image 151
- Rotating Image to the X-axis 151
- Rotating Image to the Y-axis 151
- Entering Indicators 153
- Saving Images 153
- Printing Image 153
- MPR Mode Soft Menu 154
- Clear Cine 160
- Render Setup 162
- Render Mode 2 163
- Render Direction 163
- TH. High 163
- 2D Palette 165
- 3D Palette 165
- MSV Mode 166
- MSV Mode Soft Menu 167
- Ref. Image 168
- Orientation Dot 169
- Post Processing 169
- Oblique View 170
- Oblique View Mode Soft Menu 171
- Next Page 172
- Position 172
- Prev Page 172
- Multi Parallel 174
- Multi Plumb 174
- Measurements and 175
- Calculations 175
- Chapter 5 176
- Measurement Accuracy 177
- Color/Power Doppler Mode 180
- Cursor Position 180
- Measurement Accuracy Table 181
- Basic Measurements 182
- Basic Measurement Operations 183
- Delete Measurement Result 184
- Print Measurement Result 184
- Exiting basic measurements 184
- Distance Measurement 185
- D Velocity 187
- Volume Measurement 192
- Dist. + Ellipse 193
- Things to note 195
- Soft Menu 197
- Result Action 198
- Apply RAP 198
- Common Measurement Methods 199
- Limited Trace 200
- Manual Trace 201
- Itemized Measurement 201
- Volume Flow Measurement 202
- Stenosis Measurement 202
- Heart Rate Measurement 203
- OB Calculations 204
- OB Measurement Menu Settings 205
- Early OB Measurement Menu 206
- Automatic Calculation 207
- APTD x TTD 208
- General Measurement Menu 209
- AFI(Amniotic Fluid Index) 210
- Measurement Methods 211
- Gynecology Calculations 214
- Cardiac Calculations 217
- Pediatric Measurement Menu 230
- Carotid Calculations 235
- Auto IMT (Optional) 236
- Auto IMT Screen 237
- Auto IMT Measurement 238
- Framingham / CHD 239
- Risk Factor 239
- Normal IMT 239
- LE Artery Calculations 241
- UE Artery Calculations 243
- LE Vein Calculation 245
- UE Vein Calculations 247
- Fetal Echo Calculations 249
- Doppler Measurement Menu 252
- Urology Calculations 254
- 3Distance 255
- 3 Distance * Factor 256
- Ellipsoid 257
- Sum of 20 Disks 257
- Abdomen Calculations 258
- Item Item Mode Method Unit 261
- Small Parts Calculations 262
- Breast Measurement Menu 264
- Testicle Measurement Menu 265
- Supercial Measurement Menu 266
- TCD Calculations 267
- Musculoskeletal Calculations 269
- Pediatric Hips Calculations 270
- Type α β 271
- Viewing Reports 272
- [Figure 5.29 – Report] 273
- Editing Reports 274
- [Figure 5.30 Edit Report] 275
- Adding Comments 276
- Printing Reports 276
- Exporting Reports 277
- Transferring Reports 278
- Graph screen 278
- Select a Graph 279
- Display Graph 279
- Percentile Criteria 280
- History 280
- Closing Reports 282
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